停机问题(1)- 术语溯源

停机问题the Halting Problem1计算机理论中流行的一个最基本术语,现在学术界一致认为图灵在1936论文论可计算数及其在判定问题上的应用(On Computability Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem处理的判定问题Entscheidungsproblem)就是停机问题,然而图灵在他的论文中从来没有用过停机问题这个术语,那么此术语从何而来?


已知最早使用停机问题词是在Martin Davis的一个证明中3p.70-71):

 "Theorem 2.2 There exists a Turing machine whose halting problem is recursively unsolvable.


但是Davis在他的证明没有给出停机问题术语的出处,所以人们推断这是他的原创。“The Essential Turing”书的作者Jack Copeland这样说【4】(p.40)

- The halting problem was so named (and, it appears, first stated) by Martin Davis. The proposition that the halting problem cannot be solved by computing machine is known as the ‘halting theorem’. (It is often said that Turing stated and proved the halting theorem in ‘On Computable Numbers’, but strictly this is not true.)


所以,我们的问题是:

- 为什么要用停机问题替代图灵1936论文中的判定问题

- “停机问题图灵1936论文中的判定问题等价吗?


参考文献:

1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problem

2Turing, A. M. (1937). "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem". https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/Turing_Paper_1936.pdf

3Martin Davis (1958). Computability and Unsolvability. New York: McGraw-Hill.

4B. Jack. Copeland, The EssentialTuring, 2004.

http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~aikmitr/papers/Turing.pdf


 

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